It is evident that there is a strong correlation between persistent and pronounced demand avoidance and a strong desire for control. However, this connection is not fully comprehended and further investigation is required. Certain studies, although of low quality, have indicated that there is a link between this characteristic and the presence of anxiety as well as an intolerance of uncertainty. Individuals experiencing demand avoidance may be compelled by these factors, which are frequently observed in autistic individuals.
On the other hand, individuals who have personal experience with demand avoidance have proposed that anxiety may be a consequence rather than a cause of perceived threats to their autonomy and control.
Individuals with demand avoidance tendencies may find it beneficial to:
- Recognize and comprehend their demand avoidance patterns and what triggers them;
- Employ strategies to effectively manage, minimize, or camouflage demands;
- Establish a sensory-friendly environment that suits their needs for sensory regulation; and
- Seek therapy, counseling, and engage in mindfulness and meditation practices.
Note: Aggression may be a form of resistance, however it may also be a panic response to overwhelming anxiety.
The Impact of PDA
There is substantial evidence indicating that demand avoidance can have a range of effects on individuals who experience PDA, which include:
- Challenges in falling asleep, staying asleep, and waking up;
- Both short-term and long-term impacts stemming from anxiety and related symptoms;
- Difficulties in performing self-care activities like personal hygiene, eating, and household chores;
- Experiencing panic attacks, intense emotional distress, and/or struggling to regulate emotions;
- Troubles in maintaining friendships or other social relationships; and
- Inability to attend school or work due to distress and/or burnout, potentially leading to exclusion or termination.
The loved ones, caregivers or support teams of of individuals who exhibit demand avoidance may also face various consequences, such as:
- Witnessing the PDA-er in severe distress can cause significant distress for the parents or caregivers themselves;
- The constant struggle to find effective methods to minimize, conceal, or eliminate demands and provide support for the individual can lead to challenges and exhaustion; and
- The process of seeking and obtaining suitable support in areas like diagnosis, education, mental health, and social care can be a source of stress and frustration.
